Inmunotoxinas en Terapias Dirigidas contra el Cáncer
Resumen
Introducción: En los últimos años se han estudiado las inmunotoxinas que son proteínas quiméricas formadas por conjugación de un anticuerpo monoclonal (AcM) a una toxina proteica para su empleo en la terapia del cáncer. En este trabajo se reporta una actualización de las investigaciones de los últimos diez años en el uso de las inmunotoxinas como herramientas para la terapia del cáncer. Objetivo: Mencionar el concepto de inmunotoxinas y el estado del arte en los últimos diez años de su uso en la terapias dirigidas contra el cáncer. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en inglés y español, en los últimos diez años con relación a la metodología de obtención, tipos de inmunotoxinas y de los resultados obtenidos en ensayos preclínicos y clínicos. Resultados: Se evalúan diversas inmunotoxinas en ensayos clínicos Fase II y III. En el 2018 se aprobó el uso de la inmunotoxina Lumoxiti por la FDA, (Food and Drug Administration), para el tratamiento de la leucemia de células pilosas lo que confirma las posibilidades terapéuticas de estas moléculas. Conclusiones: Los resultados de diversos grupos de trabajo manifiestan un marcado interés del uso de las inmunotoxinas en Oncología como una alternativa para superar los efectos adversos de los citóstáticos.
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