Los retos de la atención al paciente con cáncer durante la pandemia de la COVID-19

Elías Antonio Gracia Medina; Jorge Luis Soriano García

Los retos de la atención al paciente con cáncer durante la pandemia de la COVID-19

Elías Antonio Gracia Medina, Jorge Luis Soriano García

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A finales del mes de diciembre de 2019 fue descrita la nueva enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Esta se diseminó globalmente de manera exponencial y en marzo de 2020 fue declarada como una pandemia global. Hay evidencia que identifica a los pacientes con cáncer como un grupo con riesgo elevado a enfermar y fallecer por la COVID-19. Esto pudiera estar determinado por el estado de inmunosupresión inducido por la enfermedad y por los tratamientos recibidos para controlar el cáncer, tales como la cirugía, la quimioterapia, la radioterapia y las terapias a dianas moleculares, inducen inmunosupresión. Ante el volumen de casos generados, los profesionales de la salud han afrontado la necesidad de reorganizar los servicios sanitarios para continuar brindando cuidados a los pacientes con cáncer. Las medidas están encaminadas a garantizar la seguridad de los enfermos disminuyendo la exposición de estos, a ambientes de riesgo como las instituciones hospitalarias y también a incrementar la protección el personal de la salud que los asiste. Las sociedades de cáncer, así como las autoridades nacionales, han elaborado de manera rápida recomendaciones y guías para la atención a los pacientes de cáncer durante la pandemia. De forma general las estrategias están encaminadas a reducir la posibilidad de interrupciones de tratamientos, sobre todo en aquellos pacientes que son tratados con intensión curativa. En este artículo se hizo una revisión de cómo se ha abordado de forma global en la comunidad oncológica la atención al paciente con cáncer durante la pandemia.

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